Retold from the Valmiki Ramayana, Bala Kanda, sargas 18–31 · ages 6–9

The Sage at the Palace Door

A great sage asks King Dasharatha to lend him young Rama. The king is afraid, but he keeps his word, and Rama guards the sage’s holy fire for six days and nights.

Rama and the Sage · Part 1

In the city of Ayodhya, King Dasharatha is talking with his ministers about his four sons. Then a great sage comes to the palace door. “Tell the king that Vishvamitra has come,” he says.

The king goes out to meet him, full of joy, and offers him water. “Your coming is like rain on a dry land,” he says. “Tell me why you have come. Whatever it is, I will do it.” The sage is very glad.

“Then keep your promise, O king,” says Vishvamitra. “I am doing a yajna, a holy fire offering. When it is nearly done, two demons, Maricha and Subahu, pour unclean things on my fire. While my yajna goes on, I must not grow angry or curse them.”

“So lend me your eldest son, Rama, the boy with hair as black as a crow’s wing. He can stop those demons, and I will keep him safe. I will give him good gifts. Send him, if Vasishta, your priest, agrees.”

The king shudders and faints. When he wakes, he is afraid. “Rama is not even sixteen,” he says. “He has never fought a battle. I cannot live one moment without him.”

“Take my army instead,” the king says. “I will come myself, bow in hand. Rama was born to me when I was old. But who are these demons?” The sage answers, “Ravana, a mighty demon king, sends them.” The king begs, “Do not take Rama.”

Vishvamitra’s anger flares up like a holy fire when butter is poured on it. “You promised, and now you turn back,” he says. “Then I will go as I came.” The whole earth trembles, and even the gods are afraid.

Then wise Vasishta, the family’s priest, speaks. “King, you are like the god of what is right, here on earth,” he says. “A man who breaks his promise loses all the good he has done. Let go of Rama.”

Vasishta goes on. “No demon can harm Rama while Vishvamitra guards him, as a wall of fire in heaven guards the gods’ nectar, their heavenly drink. He knows every great weapon, and he came to do your son good.” The king’s heart grows calm, and gladly he says yes.

The king brings Rama, and Rama’s brother Lakshmana too. Queen Kausalya, Rama’s mother, blesses Rama first, and then his father does. Vasishta chants holy words for the road. Glad at heart, the king kisses Rama’s forehead and gives him to the sage.

As Rama follows the sage, a soft, clean breeze blows. Flowers fall from the sky, and conch shells sound in Ayodhya. The sage walks first, then Rama, then Lakshmana, bows in hand. The two brothers shine so brightly that they light up every direction.

After a long walk, they reach the bank of the Sarayu river. “Rama, sip some water,” says the sage, “and learn two mantras, bala and atibala. With them you will never be tired, hungry or thirsty. No demon can attack you, even while you sleep.”

Rama touches the water and learns them, his face shining with joy. He glows like the sun in a clear autumn sky. That night they sleep on a bed of grass by the river. The sage’s kind words make the night pleasant.

At dawn the sage calls, “Get up, Rama! The dawn is here.” They walk on to where the Sarayu meets the great river Ganga. There they spend the night with the sages who live between the two rivers. The next morning, those sages bring a boat.

As they cross the Ganga, Rama hears a roar of rushing water. “What is that sound?” he asks. “The Sarayu is crashing into the Ganga,” says the sage. The boys bow to both rivers. On the far bank, they walk into a forest and stay the night.

The next morning, the sage smiles. “I am very pleased with you, Rama.” He gives Rama all the divine weapons, and they come and stand before him. One is the Manava weapon. “Come to my mind when I need you,” Rama says. He learns to call them back, too.

Soon Rama sees a grove like a cloud, full of animals and singing birds. “Whose home is this?” he asks. “Where will the demons come? Where must I guard your yajna?”

“Long ago, the great god Vishnu lived here,” says the sage. “Later he came as Vamana, a small boy, and crossed the three worlds in three steps. This is Siddhashrama, my hermitage, and it is your home too. The demons will come here.”

As they walk in, the sage shines like the moon with two stars beside him. The sages there hurry to greet them. “Begin your yajna today,” Rama says, “and let the word you gave my father come true.” The sage begins, and keeps silent, as his vow asks.

“When will the demons come?” the boys ask. “Guard the yajna for six days and six nights,” the sages say. So the brothers stay awake. Day and night they keep watch by the holy fire with their great bows.

On the sixth day, Rama says, “Lakshmana, be ready!” At once the yajna fire leaps up, high and bright. Then a loud and fearful noise comes from the sky.

Like huge rain clouds, the demons fill the sky. They pour unclean things down on the holy fire. Rama runs and looks up at them. “Watch, Lakshmana,” he says. “The Manava weapon will blow them away, as the wind blows away clouds.”

Rama fits an arrow of the Manava weapon, the sage’s gift, to his bow and lets it fly. It strikes Maricha and carries him a hundred yojanas, into the rolling sea. “See, Lakshmana,” says Rama. “It carries him away, but it does not take his life.”

Rama’s arrows stop Subahu and the other demons, and the sages praise him. “My yajna is done,” says Vishvamitra. “You have made your father’s word come true, and mine.” That night the brothers rest, glad at heart. In the morning, they set off north with the sage, toward the Ganga.

For grown-ups

Where this story comes from

This story is from the Valmiki Ramayana, Bala Kanda, sarga 18 (from verse 38) to sarga 31 (verse 1), with the last line from 31.14–16: the sage Vishvamitra comes to King Dasharatha’s door, asks for young Rama to guard his yajna, the king refuses in fear, Vasishta calms him, the boys walk with the sage, Rama learns the bala and atibala mantras and receives the divine weapons, and the brothers guard the yajna at Siddhashrama for six days and nights. The sarga and verse numbers follow the English translation by Desiraju Hanumanta Rao on valmikiramayan.net. They were not cross-checked with the Gita Press (Gorakhpur) edition and can differ by a few verses there. It is a faithful simplification. We shortened and left out parts, and we name them below. We did not add events, and we did not change anyone’s reasons. The words people say are a plain rendering of the translation, not a word-for-word quotation. Seven lines need a note. 1. “Unclean things” (pages 3 and 22). Valmiki says the two demons drench the altar of fire “with streams of meat and blood” (19.5–6a) and “pour down spates of blood” (30.12–13). The pages keep what this means for the story: the holy fire is made impure, so the yajna cannot be finished. 2. “Rama’s arrows stop Subahu and the other demons” (page 24). In Valmiki, Rama says he wishes to kill these demons (30.21). He kills Subahu with the fire weapon (30.22) and the rest with the weapon of the wind god (30.23). The page says only that they are stopped. Maricha is the one demon Rama does not kill: “taking him away … but without taking away his life” (30.20). 3. Who learns the mantras (pages 12–13). The sage’s words in 22.11b–21 are spoken to Rama, and it is Rama who receives the teachings (22.20b–21a). The verses do not say that Lakshmana learned them, so the book does not say it. Lakshmana walks with Rama and sleeps on the grass with him (22.6, 22.24). 4. Why Lakshmana goes (page 10). In sargas 19–21 the sage, the king and Vasishta speak of sending only Rama; no one names Lakshmana. Then the king brings Rama “along with Lakshmana” (22.1). Valmiki gives no reason here, and the book adds none. 5. “Like the god of what is right” (page 8). Vasishta calls the king “apparently the other god of ethics on earth” (21.6). 6. “A wall of fire in heaven guards the gods’ nectar, their heavenly drink” (page 9). Vasishta says Rama is safe with Vishvamitra “like the heavenly firewall that protects divine nectar” (21.9). 7. The Manava weapon (pages 16, 22, 23). It is one of the weapons Vishvamitra gives Rama (27.15–20, “the maanava missile of Manu”; 30.20, “Maanava missile expounded by Manu”). Rama says the demons “will be puffed out with Manava missile like a gust puffing thick clouds” (30.15–16a), and fits “the very benign and highly radiant arrow Maanava” to his bow (30.16b–17).

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Three things this telling leaves out, and why

  1. Tataka (24.12b–26.36). This telling leaves out Tataka. After the boys cross the Ganga, Vishvamitra leads them into the forest of Tataka, a yakshi who lays waste the land, and tells them that Maricha is her son (24.26–28). On his order Rama fights and kills her (26). Page 15 says only that they walk into a forest and stay the night there (26.34; 27.1). Her story is told in the adult retelling on our episode page.
  2. Why the weapons were given (26.28–27.2). In Valmiki, the gods praise Vishvamitra after Tataka’s death and ask him to give Rama the weapons, because Rama follows his orders (26.28b–31a). The next morning the sage says, “I am highly pleased with you” and gives them (27.1–2). Page 16 keeps only those words. The book’s earlier pages already tell that the sage promised the king good gifts for Rama (19.10b–11a) and that he came to do Rama good (21.21).
  3. The deaths of Subahu and the other demons (30.21–23). Rama kills Subahu with the fire weapon and the others with the weapon of the wind god. See honesty note 2.
  4. The night at Kama’s hermitage (23.5–22). Where the Sarayu meets the Ganga, Vishvamitra tells how Shiva burned Kama, the god of love, with his third eye at that place, so that Kama lost his body (23.10–14). The sages of that hermitage welcome the travellers and tell them old stories (23.18–22). Page 14 keeps the place and the night with the sages.
  5. Ten days (19.17b–18a). Vishvamitra first asks for Rama “just for ten days of the ritual”. The book tells only the six days and nights of the guard (30.4).
  6. The invitation to Mithila (31.2–13) and the road to the Sona (31.17–24). The next morning the boys ask the sage what they should do next. The sages tell Rama that King Janaka of Mithila is holding a great yajna, and that he keeps a mighty bow that no god or king can string; they invite Rama to come and see it. A hundred carts follow the sage, and the animals of the hermitage are sent home. The last page says only that they set off north, toward the Ganga (31.15–16). The bow is told in a later story.
  7. The story of Siddhashrama, in one sentence (29.2–21). Vishvamitra tells how Vishnu practised tapas at this place for a hundred eras; how Bali, king of the asuras, conquered the gods; how the sage Kashyapa and Aditi asked Vishnu to be born as their son; and how Vishnu came as the dwarf Vamana, asked Bali for as much land as three steps would cover, strode all the three worlds in those three steps, and gave the earth back to Indra. Page 18 keeps Vishnu, Vamana and the three steps.
  8. Ravana and the king’s fear (20.16–27). The sage says that Ravana, who has a boon from Brahma, sends Maricha and Subahu. The king answers that gods, demons and gandharvas cannot face Ravana in battle, and that he cannot spare his son. Page 6 keeps one clause: Ravana sends them.
  9. The weapons by name (21.13–17, 27.4–21, 28.4–13). Vasishta tells how the weapons were born as the sons of Krishashva. Vishvamitra names dozens of weapons, discs, maces and nooses, and then the weapons that call others back, which glow like fire, smoke, the moon and the sun. The book names only the Manava weapon.

Page 1 joins the sage’s arrival (18.38b–42a) with the king’s four sons (20.11b); the king was talking with his ministers about the marriages of the princes (18.38b). Page 2 joins the welcome (18.42b–44a), one of the king’s comparisons (18.50b–52a) and his promise (18.56b–58a). Page 6 says “Rama was born to me when I was old”; the king says this was when sixty thousand years had passed since his own birth (20.10b–11a). Page 6 also leaves out that the king’s army is a full akshauhini (20.3) and that he would come with all four kinds of troops (20.9b–10a). Page 8 joins 21.5–8, and page 9 joins 21.9–22. Page 13 joins 22.20b–24. Page 14 joins the dawn call (23.1–2), the walk to the meeting of the rivers (23.4–5), the night with the sages (23.16–22) and their boat (24.1–2). The sage’s dawn call begins, “Fortunate is Kausalya to beget you as her son Rama” (23.2). Page 15 joins the crossing (24.4–11a), the bow to the rivers (24.11b–12a) and the night in the forest (26.34; 27.1); the sage says the Sarayu flows from a lake that Brahma made on Mount Kailash, past Ayodhya, into the Ganga (24.8b–11a). Page 16 joins the gift of weapons (27.1–25) and the weapons that call others back (28.1–15). Page 19 joins 29.25–30 with the sage’s silence under his vow (30.4). Page 20 joins the night’s watch (29.31) with 30.1–6. Page 24 joins 30.22–26, 31.1 and 31.14–16.

The question children ask here

“Why did the great sage need a boy to guard his yajna?” Valmiki gives the reasons:

  • While his yajna lasted, the sage could not let his anger loose or curse anyone: “no curse shall be issued under vows” (19.7b–8a).
  • He said that Rama was able to defeat the two demons, and that he himself would protect Rama (19.9b–10a, 19.11b–12a).
  • He wanted to give Rama gifts that would make him famous in all three worlds (19.10b–11a). Vasishta told the king that Vishvamitra could stop the demons himself, but had come to do Rama good (21.21).

“The sage was keeping a holy vow and could not be angry or curse anyone, and he wanted to teach Rama and give him gifts.”

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